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🚨Emergency8 min read

Pet Poisoning: What to Know and What to Do in an Emergency

Dr. Kamala Freeman
Dr. Kamala FreemanDVM, DABVT

Published April 8, 2025

There are so many things in our world that can have a negative reaction in our pets. While we cannot always keep them out of trouble, knowing how to handle a toxin ingestion is vital to your pet's health and longevity.

Emergency? If your pet is showing severe symptoms (seizures, collapse, difficulty breathing), go directly to the nearest emergency veterinary hospital. Time is critical.

Poisoning in Dogs

While dogs are a hardy species, there are many things they cannot handle the way we can. From bathroom cleaners to our food, many substances have the potential to harm or even kill our beloved pets. Knowing the symptoms and what to do can save their life!

Common Causes of Poisoning in Dogs

  1. Household cleaners - bleach, detergents, disinfectants
  2. Chocolate - especially dark and baking chocolate
  3. Grapes and Raisins - can cause kidney failure
  4. Onions and Garlic - damages red blood cells
  5. Avocado - contains persin, toxic to dogs
  6. Xylitol - found in gum and some baked goods
  7. Macadamia Nuts - causes weakness and tremors
  8. Pharmaceutical Medications - prescription drugs
  9. Over-the-counter Medications - Tylenol, ibuprofen, etc.
  10. Household plants - many common plants are toxic
Don't Underestimate: While some of these may seem obvious, they're common in most households. That bottle of Tylenol on the counter? To your dog, it may look like the tastiest treat! Most of these products can shut down vital organs, cause irreparable damage, and lead to death.

Symptoms of Poisoning in Dogs

Watch for these warning signs:

  • Hypersalivation - excessive drooling
  • Vomiting
  • Lethargy - unusual tiredness
  • Diarrhea or constipation
  • Pale gums
  • Heavy breathing
  • Signs of pain
  • Bloody stool, gums, or vomit
  • Excessive drinking
  • Loss of appetite
  • Tremors
  • Swelling or irritated skin

Poisoning in Cats

Cats, unlike dogs, do not always recover quite as well when they ingest toxins. This is for several important reasons:

  • Biological processes: Cats cannot always rid their bodies of toxins efficiently
  • Small size: Very little toxin is needed to cause harm
  • Hunting behavior: They may ingest poisons their prey has consumed (like rat poison)
  • Grooming: They clean themselves and can lick toxins from their fur

Common Causes of Poisoning in Cats

  1. Gardening Products - weed killer, slug bait, fertilizer
  2. Rodent Bait - rat and mouse poison
  3. Antifreeze - tastes sweet but is deadly
  4. Household Plants - Lilies are immensely dangerous to cats!
  5. Flea or Tick Medication - when ingested or wrong product used
  6. Over-the-counter Medications
  7. Pharmaceutical Medications
  8. Their own medication - when overdosed
  9. Onions and Garlic
  10. Grapes or Raisins
  11. Xylitol - found in gum and some baked goods
Lily Warning: Lilies are extremely dangerous to cats. Even small exposures - drinking water from the vase, brushing against pollen - can cause fatal kidney failure. If you have cats, do not have lilies in your home.
Outdoor Cats at Risk: Many of these products you may use without thinking about your cat coming into contact. For example, spraying weed killer in the garden - your cat may chase a bird through that area, then clean its fur and ingest the particles. Always lock cats inside after using such products or avoid using them entirely.

Symptoms of Poisoning in Cats

  • Loss of appetite
  • Shaking or Tremors
  • Drunken walking - loss of coordination
  • Lethargy
  • Comatose state
  • Vomiting or Diarrhea
  • Pinned eyes - constricted pupils
  • Swelling or irritated skin
  • Pain or Aggression
  • Excessive Urination
  • Pale or yellow gums
  • Hiding - cats often hide when unwell

What To Do in a Pet Poisoning Emergency

If you think your pet has ingested a toxin or poison, time is of the essence. Follow these steps:

  1. Step 1: Call Poison Control

    Call your local Poison Control Hotline immediately. This is the most important first step. If you know what your pet ingested, have the ingredient list ready - this provides critical information.

  2. Step 2: Call Your Veterinarian

    After speaking with Poison Control, call your primary veterinarian or Emergency Veterinary Hospital and tell them you're on the way. This gives them time to prepare materials, meaning faster treatment when you arrive.

  3. Step 3: Go to the Hospital

    Most veterinarians require that a call be placed to Poison Control prior to providing in-depth medical care. Basic care will be provided if needed until the toxicity level and threat is confirmed.

  4. Step 4: Stay Calm

    It's crucial to remain calm in these stressful situations. You need to give all required information to help make the best medical decisions for your pet.

Life-Threatening Emergency? If you don't feel there's time for calls before going to the vet, go straight to the closest hospital. Basic life-saving care will be performed while you and the veterinary team attempt to identify the toxin.

Emergency Contacts

πŸ‡ΊπŸ‡Έ United States

ASPCA Animal Poison Control: (888) 426-4435

Pet Poison Helpline: (855) 764-7661

Note: Consultation fees typically apply ($75-95). Some hospitals will make this call and bill you; others will ask you to call while at the hospital.

πŸ‡¬πŸ‡§ United Kingdom

Animal PoisonLine: 01202 509 000

πŸ‡¦πŸ‡Ί Australia

Animal Poisons Centre: 1300 869 738

Prevention Tips

The best treatment for poisoning is prevention:

  • Store medications in closed cabinets - never leave pills on counters
  • Keep cleaning products secured - use childproof locks if needed
  • Research plants before bringing them home - many common houseplants are toxic
  • Never give human food without checking first - use ToxiPets to scan!
  • Keep your pet out of the garden after using fertilizers or pesticides
  • Store antifreeze securely - it tastes sweet and attracts pets
  • Be careful with rodent bait - use pet-safe alternatives or place where pets can't access
  • Check ingredient labels on all products for xylitol and other toxins

How ToxiPets Can Help

At ToxiPets, we're bringing pet safety and health to your phone. Through our app, you can:

  • Search products by name to check for toxins
  • Scan barcodes for instant safety verdicts
  • Take a picture of ingredient lists to identify potential dangers
  • Identify plants that have been ingested with confidence
  • Highlight harmful ingredients to communicate to Poison Control or your vet

Our goal is to allow you to be as informed as possible and take more control in your pet's medical concerns. ToxiPets is an indispensable tool in keeping your pet healthy and happy!

Conclusion

Pet poisoning is a frightening experience, but being prepared can make all the difference. Remember:

  • Know the symptoms of poisoning in dogs and cats
  • Keep Poison Control numbers saved in your phone
  • Act quickly - time is critical in poisoning cases
  • Stay calm and provide clear information to veterinary professionals
  • Prevent exposure by securing toxins and checking products before sharing

Download ToxiPets today to have instant access to safety information for thousands of products, plants, and foods - right when you need it most.

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Frequently Asked Questions

What are the signs of poisoning in dogs?
Common signs include hypersalivation, vomiting, lethargy, diarrhea or constipation, pale gums, heavy breathing, pain, bloody stool/gums/vomit, excessive drinking, loss of appetite, tremors, and swelling or irritated skin. If you notice any of these symptoms, contact your vet immediately.
What are the signs of poisoning in cats?
Signs in cats include loss of appetite, shaking or tremors, drunken walking, lethargy, comatose state, vomiting or diarrhea, pinned eyes, swelling or irritated skin, pain or aggression, excessive urination, pale or yellow gums, and hiding behavior.
What should I do if my pet eats something toxic?
First, call your local Poison Control Hotline with the ingredient list if available. Then call your veterinarian or emergency hospital to let them know you're coming. If it's life-threatening, go directly to the closest hospital where basic care will be provided while identifying the toxin.
Why are cats more sensitive to poisons than dogs?
Cats cannot rid their bodies of toxins as efficiently due to their biological processes. They're smaller so less toxin is needed to cause harm. They also hunt (ingesting prey that may have consumed poison) and groom themselves, licking toxins from their fur.
What household items are poisonous to dogs?
Common dog toxins include household cleaners, chocolate, grapes and raisins, onions and garlic, avocado, xylitol (in gum and baked goods), macadamia nuts, prescription medications, over-the-counter medications, and many household plants.
What is most toxic to cats?
Lilies are extremely dangerous to cats and can cause fatal kidney failure. Other toxins include gardening products (weed killer, slug bait, fertilizer), rodent bait, antifreeze, flea/tick medication when ingested, medications, onions, garlic, grapes, raisins, and xylitol.
Should I make my pet vomit if they ate something toxic?
Do NOT induce vomiting unless specifically directed by Poison Control or your veterinarian. Some toxins cause more damage coming back up. Always call for professional guidance first before taking any action.
What is the pet poison control number?
In the US, call ASPCA Animal Poison Control at (888) 426-4435 or Pet Poison Helpline at (855) 764-7661. Consultation fees typically apply ($75-95). Most veterinarians require this call before providing in-depth treatment.
Dr. Kamala Freeman

Dr. Kamala Freeman

DVM, DABVT β€’ Board-Certified Veterinary Toxicologist

Dr. Kamala Freeman is a board-certified veterinary toxicologist with over 15 years of experience in pet poison control and plant toxicity research.

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