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Antifreeze (Ethylene Glycol)
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Is Antifreeze (Ethylene Glycol) Toxic to Dogs and Cats?

Yes, Antifreeze (Ethylene Glycol) is toxic to pets. Antifreeze containing ethylene glycol is one of the most dangerous substances for pets. It has a sweet taste that attracts animals, but even small amounts can be fatal. It causes rapid kidney failure if not treated within hours.

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Why Is Antifreeze (Ethylene Glycol) Toxic?

Toxic Compounds: Ethylene Glycol

What Happens in the Body: Ethylene glycol is metabolized to glycolic acid and oxalic acid, which form calcium oxalate crystals in the kidneys, causing irreversible damage.

Signs of Antifreeze (Ethylene Glycol) Poisoning

If your pet has been exposed to Antifreeze (Ethylene Glycol), watch for these symptoms:

  • Stage 1 (30 min - 12 hrs): Appearing drunk, vomiting, excessive thirst
  • Stage 2 (12-24 hrs): Rapid heart rate, difficulty breathing
  • Stage 3 (24-72 hrs): Severe kidney failure, seizures, coma

What To Do If Your Pet Ate Antifreeze (Ethylene Glycol)

  1. THIS IS A LIFE-THREATENING EMERGENCY

  2. Seek immediate veterinary care - time is critical

  3. Treatment must begin within 8-12 hours for dogs, 3 hours for cats

  4. Bring any suspected antifreeze container

  5. Do not wait for symptoms

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Veterinary Treatment

Antidote (fomepizole or ethanol) must be given within hours. IV fluids, dialysis in severe cases. Without treatment within the critical window, kidney damage is irreversible.

How Much Antifreeze (Ethylene Glycol) Is Dangerous?

Fatal dose: Dogs ~4.4ml/kg, Cats ~1.4ml/kg. As little as 1-2 tablespoons can kill a cat. There's a narrow treatment window before irreversible kidney damage.

Common Measurement Reference

1 tsp

~5 grams

1 tbsp

~15 grams

1 oz

~28 grams

1 cup

~240 grams

Pet Weight Categories

Small

<10 lbs (4.5 kg)

Medium

10–50 lbs (4.5–23 kg)

Large

50+ lbs (23+ kg)

Toxicity depends on your pet's weight, breed, and health conditions. This is for reference only — always contact your veterinarian for guidance specific to your pet.

Information for Veterinarians

Fatal dose: Dogs ~4.4ml/kg, Cats ~1.4ml/kg. As little as 1-2 tablespoons can kill a cat. There's a narrow treatment window before irreversible kidney damage.

Frequently Asked Questions

What makes antifreeze so dangerous?

Its sweet taste attracts pets, and even tiny amounts cause rapid, irreversible kidney failure. Treatment must begin within hours to be effective.

Reviewed by: Dr. Amanda Hughes, DVM, DACVECC

Last updated: December 12, 2024

Sources: Pet Poison Helpline, ASPCA, Veterinary Emergency & Critical Care Society

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